Earl

Part of a series on
Peerages in the United Kingdom
Ranks Duke / Duchess Marquess / Marchioness Earl / Countess Viscount / Viscountess Baron / Baroness (in Scotland, replaced by Lord / Lady of Parliament)
Types Hereditary Life Representative
Divisions England Scotland Great Britain Ireland United Kingdom
Topics Nobility Welsh History Privileges Robes Courtesy titles (list) Forms of address Family seat Territorial designation
House of Lords
Politics portal  United Kingdom portal
v t e

Earl (/ɜːrl, ɜːrəl/)^[1] is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount.^[2] A feminine form of earl never developed; instead, countess is used.

The title originates in the Old English word eorl, meaning "a man of noble birth or rank".^[3] The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form jarl. After the Norman Conquest, it became the equivalent of the continental count. In Scotland, it assimilated the concept of mormaer. In modern times, earldoms have typically been created only for members of the royal family. The last non-royal earldom, Earl of Stockton, was created in 1984 for Harold Macmillan, prime minister from 1957 to 1963.

Alternative names for the rank equivalent to "earl" or "count" in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as the hakushaku (伯爵) of the post-restoration Japanese Imperial era.